工程圖學常用詞匯

五民

投影 projection
2 ~6 {7 A$ a  w投影中心center of projection
投影面projecting plane
投影線projecting line
# ^4 ]- u' j" ^% j8 R8 \7 m: O中心投影法perspective projection
9 o/ q, K; p; r平行投影法parallel projection
斜投影oblique projection
正投影orthographic projection
正投影面frontal plane of projection
" `. R" W5 L' K5 W& B側面投影面profile plane of projection
投影圖projection drawing
三面投影圖three-plane projection drawing
; Q0 \4 W  O: B2 Y$ b' _6 [投影軸axis of projection
0 ?* X! @( D. u- z% e% [3 _- x投影特性characteristic of projection
& ]* f0 B4 \6 {% g2 h! m+ ~$ t$ K) ~% P不變性characteristic of true
積聚性characteristic of concentration
' @8 V; x3 b$ E類似性characteristic of similarity
視圖view
三視圖three-view drawing
  T. I# l) [7 N" I8 K# ^& \0 ^( j正面frontal plane
正面投影frontal projection
水平面horizontal plane
7 `7 ^0 `) c' ]# O0 H. o水平投影horizontal projection
側面profile plane
% z3 P& L& y9 p1 q8 o1 w3 }8 x側面投影profile projection
主視圖frontal view
  u+ n/ d1 q* F! m) d4 I! r4 q俯視圖top view
2 J; f( V. h2 j- ?3 c左視圖left side view
立體solid
平面立體plane body
曲面立體body of curved surface
回轉面surface of revolution
2 }* K  q+ _" L( {3 {1 @' V3 G$ T棱柱prism
棱錐pyramid
4 N4 d/ c0 a3 B' w- c邊side
" Y% |( x; _; k) `; T' r1 q  [頂點center vertex
6 d2 ^* b) @; U; Z- o棱edge
點point
直線line straight line
2 n* D. O: y2 U* X棱錐臺truncated pyramid
( R$ q, T! a& C7 {frustum of pyramid
* Y& W; e- |$ l  A. l7 m- A重影coincidence of projection
" A; W. J) v) S5 Y6 s積聚concentrate
變形deformation
7 N# e$ v: x( V8 G; g( H# U* {實長true length
6 {1 ]. Q  Y) X7 i實形true shape
  ?; O3 V6 y6 g! x/ ^正平線frontal line
水平線horizontal line
: B1 E5 t% t$ O5 _  t$ \0 S6 I4 ]) h側平線profile line
一般位置直線oblique line
8 L* A. e7 q2 }  f& D  v鉛垂線vertical line, frontal-profile line
5 o% S# j( o6 N- n! o6 w正垂線horizontal--profile line
側垂線frontal-horizontal line
5 w+ W2 J0 s1 n0 B, a  |; V一般位置平面oblique plane
相交intersection
平行parallel
垂直perpendicular
/ u0 q; P& A  e1 X  W( k& q) H1 P交線intersecting line, line of intersection
1 u' e4 Q! q% ]; _交點point of intersection
平行線parallel line
垂直線perpendicular line
& |6 a! ]5 U. ^交叉線skew line
. I8 I( }# J# ~長度length
寬度width
4 G: X1 a; w6 ]9 q( F高度height
組合體complex
7 P/ a( g, k9 v3 A基本幾何體basic body
相接built-up
) ^: f0 M" r( f  g6 G; q: q相交inter section
相切tangent
相貫penetration
支架brace
. p" z0 [  Q' t8 s+ M$ k1 \& u8 Z底板bottom board
' A/ E( ]  y9 r& d3 X肋rib
支承板bearing plate
2 V, L/ M! x& _, Y3 g! D2 I- x輪廓線outline, contour line
$ B" z" I( q* J* }" @0 {( D& R4 f底圖traced drawing
; X( d5 z2 m- @9 K截平面cutting plane
截交線line of section
二重性dual nature
# p" ?8 E" I+ e' V平面曲線plane curve
4 k1 L! i# U7 A圓弧arc
- ^1 N* u, r" W  y. T橢圓ellipse
長軸major axis
4 A. l( M- s, R: U! p. D短軸minor axis
9 ]: W+ y* i4 m, m- t2 f( a雙曲線hyperbola
拋物線parabola
圓circle
, B+ Q4 W$ G" M2 n# X4 h$ }圓錐頂conic apex
$ ~8 D( S# f. _/ q# Q) E. ?$ l相貫體intersecting bodies
% Z, L0 V% ~5 a- P5 E# a0 V相貫線line of intersection
+ O& s$ A" t6 H2 Z$ G空間曲線space curve
( O) g6 D7 T2 u截平面方法cutting plane method
輔助面auxiliary surface
輔助平面auxiliary plane
: o; a* B# y* U最高點culminating point
9 }" W+ l8 X% e- _/ z4 k4 ?尺寸Size
$ U5 w+ c7 t- g( e) a( ?定形尺寸size dimension
定位尺寸location dimension
左視圖right view
5 L2 Y0 ?& D% w! o7 a2 d. B' w后視圖rear view, back view
; d1 p3 ]1 M' N6 a: x仰視圖bottom view
+ E. d( m3 O: s9 N2 G+ ~輔助圖auxiliary view
( z: M3 V. z" V局部視圖partial view, broken view
斜視圖oblique view
旋轉視圖revolved view, aligned view
剖視圖sectional view, section
全剖視full section
8 p2 {- e: v6 Y7 g4 c半剖視half section
局部剖視圖partial section, broken-out section
斜剖視圖oblique section
旋轉剖視圖aligned section
階梯剖視echelon section, offset section
' {3 _$ j) j- S% ]' q5 n- ^' y復合剖視compound section
4 z7 [6 H* x- \剖面圖section, sectional view
重合剖面coincide section, revolved section
  s  j- F) U* ?3 m- Y移出剖面removed section
8 l8 G0 @8 ], B  G/ P5 V2 s' p剖面線section line
. j8 f  L6 k6 i剖面符號symbols for section-lining
4 y9 E, Y8 @8 m3 j; T8 b習慣畫法conventional drawing
5 H% g8 V! J+ M" [6 L局部放大圖 drawing of partial enlargement
零件圖detail drawing, working drawing
第三角投影third angle projection
. L: W8 A# S8 X粗實線continuous thick line, full line, visible line
7 U  S, E4 Z( u5 i/ U細實線continuous thin line
; g3 R6 [0 l* a' d+ g! \虛線dot line, dashed line, hidden line
3 o/ }% n3 T% x( g" R# {$ ?點劃線dash and dot line
9 i! y+ Z3 M* p6 K* X雙點劃線double dots line
; ]" ^* w; B, |波浪線break line
斷裂線
剖切平面跡線cutting plane line
1 C, l3 d& S9 x5 X: R3 |尺寸線dimension line
$ t3 m' [( M9 k5 y$ k尺寸界線extension tine
尺寸dimension size
  r) `) L( {" ]0 `& I箭頭arrowhead
基準datum
. t6 l' T  _$ Y7 [基準線datum line
4 y6 y( F3 B* D9 b. v4 z8 T基準面datum plane
中心孔central hole
* G3 B" f8 T3 d3 r+ |  R中心距center distance
4 C# Y1 C% N# o軸shaft, axle
孔hole
斜孔inclination
! B/ k* L/ [$ p% d# u" }' O: _4 P; E& C( h裝配圖assembly drawing
" F6 e8 s0 |/ j$ j: S" }& e性能尺寸characteristic dimension
5 C! U2 ^6 ]5 N8 Q; X, o* W大小尺寸size dimension
4 M. U! y5 U0 d+ z總體尺寸outer dimension
0 H7 B8 }" K& \' l# g1 P外形尺寸
配合尺寸fit dimension
內圓角fillet
外圓角round
8 W; W& n! u( x) C( m+ h0 G# M尖角sharp corner
( g# F0 E- @% U) x/ ?! c倒角chamfer
4 _; _$ X/ Q% L4 k輪緣flange of wheel
緣、邊、環rim
軸肩shoulder
- D4 H  p. S1 G凸臺boss
9 b& X* ^, U# ?, ~# h5 w凹坑concave pit
軸頸shaft neck
" B- R) B1 S$ H" U8 k輪轂hub
輪輻spoke, spoke of wheel
9 M) ^0 f/ u3 Q" S% O直紋滾花straight knurling s
$ X' n, l- }" l網紋滾花hatching knurling
8 }8 B, V& z* r8 ]- _鍵槽key-way
. Z8 c5 a3 R" h: `6 b  g" _2 D4 S退刀槽escape
拔模斜度pattern draft
; h2 `* E5 s% H6 {填料盒gland box
" k  D  ~8 c8 l/ P6 Q6 z( E5 q5 X$ Q# R0 @9 x油槽oil groove
油封oil seal

五民

標準件standard parts
螺紋thread
! w, O* {! ^" X1 y$ Q  C8 c外螺紋external thread
, a, R- \1 q# v9 J, c+ |內螺紋internal thread
大徑major diameter
小徑minor diameter
" K! V. p; t+ ?5 _螺距pitch of thread
牙型form of thread
旋向direction of turning
右旋螺紋right-hand thread
左旋螺紋left-hand thread
頭數number of thread
( {3 N; V5 L9 B& {1 H, N8 ?導程lead
粗牙coarse thread
細牙fin thread
螺栓bolt
& b$ p+ S8 M9 R7 {) n- s% w% O( p螺釘screw
; U8 i: t( ]1 B7 R; q; }1 @螺柱stud
螺母nut
墊片washer
公差tolerance
* r' c/ P2 F5 ?6 p# V# g2 v3 k7 [公差帶tolerance zone
零線zero line
標準公差standard tolerance
公差等級tolerance grade
$ S7 R  `! O& K& C! ^3 }, J. w基本偏差fundamental deviation
配合fit
間隙配合clearance fit
過盈interference
1 e1 X3 u/ g  m; I4 j2 _0 E過盈配合interference fit
" O8 _( R) w5 R7 f+ x+ l過渡配合transition fit
5 N0 u/ e' U+ d$ `基孔制hole-basic system of fits
' B+ l2 P$ g3 Z4 _1 }% o基軸制shaft-basic system of fits
間隙clearance
. v2 Z8 V9 L# h6 ~形狀公差tolerance in form, form tolerance
直線度straightness
平面度flatness
圓度roundness
2 z) p3 @! P) o. i( R& B圓柱度cylindricity
! U+ Q9 C7 G7 t' ?$ C線輪廓度profile of any line
面輪廓度profile of any plane
位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances
平行度 parallelism
齒輪gear
圓柱齒輪cylindrical gear
- x8 {# n" @0 T8 i3 n) }正齒輪spur gear
, C9 `+ z- p! i- `, A斜齒輪spiral gear
輪齒gear tooth
節圓pitch circle
齒頂圓addendum circle, outside circle
齒根圓root circle, addendum circle
模數modulus
, O; m/ u: g8 l: Q. _: M; m3 S, l& `齒數number of teeth
0 h* Z: x( [7 l/ A1 A& |齒高tooth height
齒頂高height of addendum
齒根高height of addendum
齒厚circular thickness
+ t) y" _8 l* E; N- ?& ~7 J$ V& Y齒間tooth space
& B( C1 t* r$ j3 k9 ?9 t0 c齒寬tooth width
/ W8 v. v% a' e, a; K7 E" m, @2 _壓力角angle of pressure
5 d  X  N$ K& d彈簧spring
! C$ d. p  i+ n# T+ C0 {銷pin
圓柱銷round pin
圓錐銷taper pin
開口銷cotter pin, split
鍵key
平鍵flat key
半圓鍵half round key, woodruff key
軸承bearing
; _* u# H* h+ |  h! x* F1 ?滾動軸承rolling bearing
9 }+ E8 N" e0 {; f: Q3 Q  y1 I向心鈾承radial bearing
- H5 b' [' s, k" u密封裝置sealing equipment
' R" M: A# p9 b) I3 _7 I鎖緊裝置locking equipment
粗糙度roughness
基本尺寸basic size
實際尺寸actual size
極限尺寸limits size
6 E; t% u, y; s) C' ~% D4 l+ u最大極限尺寸maximum limit of size
9 m" m6 N. Q% P: Q% M最小極限尺寸minimum limit of size
偏差deviation
上偏差upper deviation
7 M6 j* l4 c- q* P' [下偏差lower deviation
6 t# o  s5 W: b7 C7 W# C, N1 x: k垂直度perpendicularity
* }6 K3 ]+ I, F: G1 _, m) n傾斜度angularity
+ e0 z  k6 o; P  g+ p同軸度concentricity
* q3 g2 K) H4 n; [7 q對稱度symmetry
位置度true position
7 C6 H& c& ?" j: g0 i! h8 w8 T( f跳動run-out
) A- S5 t3 F1 ^) s圓跳動cycle run-out
全跳動total run-out
9 ^9 D) o8 P. X& X8 V軸測投影axonometric projection
軸測投影面plane of axonometric projection
8 F9 V# ~2 ?' u# O& i軸測圖axonometric drawing
正等軸測投影isometric projection
正二測bimetric projection
& f; _* e" y- S& l- e; q9 Y# Z斜二測oblique bimetric projection
軸測軸axonometric axis
: U3 v# k  \2 W. K$ R軸間角axis angle, angle between ales
縮短foreshortened
軸向縮短率coefficient of axial
deformation ratio of
fore shortening for any axis
' p, k. i6 q8 t9 n- p# X. q切割法cutting method, by cutting
0 f8 g5 M2 e/ D1 p( u# ~/ r, L, W4 g# y+ ]方箱法boxing method
# ~0 }* ^% o9 q坐標法coordinate method
# C4 u3 C; k8 H; R+ G" e方框法enclosing-square method
2 t5 N1 Y+ X, n四心近似法four-center approximate method