物料科學/ a* e2 |2 M* @" J
Material Science
$ F y" m/ w8 i- d% Q) A9 w# s/ V物料科學定義Material Science Definition& N; |5 W# s. [9 F, z
加工性能 * k: c& r1 k; w v" `
Machinability* Y; j E0 f7 w! d1 r
強度
1 h+ Y& ^8 ^& E1 OStrength
; Y% Y2 t4 b( x抗腐蝕及耐用
# e9 d; m) d1 N. y, rCorrosion & resistance durability
R% Z# _0 V! u1 b% `% l金屬特性' s {. _5 Z; L, R0 x
Special metallic features9 ~2 m/ P2 s; V% ~
抗敏感及環境保護
$ o/ |, A0 z; ^Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection6 c. E7 N' ]. R# L# K( s
化學元素 ; S0 t# ^5 U( C; A4 D
Chemical element' k" ?4 b. V, ^2 I. p
元素的原子序數 7 ^2 t! ?* ]3 S9 y
Atom of Elements) H) _: v+ x2 X" D/ Z$ Y% L
原子及固體物質
( m4 E5 n( K) r# IAtom and solid material
/ i K- Q5 x9 X. P3 S5 P原子的組成、大小、體積和單位圖表
: R. j8 k8 C" D; W% xThe size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron) 5 X$ {. k5 h. g$ v5 t7 j- \
原子的組織圖 - w# n9 [. ]/ q4 a0 b) R
Atom Constitutes * P3 A F1 \6 z. D$ [
周期表% q7 U" D9 I$ w- ]+ d0 H
Periodic Table
# R0 c& h8 T0 R* s2 a5 Y0 h6 B1 W6 v原子鍵結 e1 v o) y7 S( b" a* p
Atom Bonding
+ r" b( }2 h# J: `" h金屬與合金 Metal and Alloy
* |$ x; b" J" }, S1 T- X鐵及非鐵金屬: o V% P, Q( G) n/ J
Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal
2 Z, L2 l) l* ]金屬的特性 9 R. W' r) A9 c$ S$ m
Features of Metal
, a8 W3 a& x7 h! {7 ~晶體結構 Crystal Pattern
+ q5 ^0 r; t* F7 t; I9 a2 |晶體結構，定向格子及單位晶格
2 j" K1 d: z7 r4 |3 ?, NCrystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell / y: Y% M+ q$ { e2 a+ P' z' l
X線結晶分析法 4 Z5 V( \; [- I/ A; y# h
X – ray crystal analyics method * s! E& z& C0 k1 e8 U. s) W* T
金屬結晶格子 Metal space lattice- h% Z3 z1 J$ }9 X* M! B( A' d
格子常數 Lattice constant & [0 J- S3 ]5 g: [) L) w
米勒指數 Mill's Index% S9 [5 t/ n8 ?- k* x" A4 i
金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule
2 o! O. o3 _; i6 ^$ V0 r, N固熔體 Solid solution 9 q* V7 X1 N+ G6 V, v4 v0 J
置換型固熔體 Substitutional type solid solution 6 V5 O# R% H$ b4 A2 w
插入型固熔體 Interstital solid solution
/ x6 t* Q& O ~2 j$ j金屬間化物 Intermetallic compound
* ^4 B8 G7 f5 }$ d4 a金屬變態
5 q; y4 o! e5 STransformation
; l h1 b0 r' [( q, ^, E變態點
% x8 {, H* Z0 F W4 nTransformation Point
; P; [+ y! d5 k$ k2 i$ u' `磁性變態
- l4 n+ s! C, \! G ~& z$ ~ z+ _Magnetic Transformation3 h- V& a* l1 S* O) |0 w4 y- P
同素變態# o$ }( E( Y: I9 j6 }1 t* L3 s O7 z- I
Allotropic Transformation% w) z6 v& p( T6 @" V. B( T, s( ~5 G
合金平衡狀態 : }/ H2 z, k3 @& M0 }
Thermal Equilibrium
" {4 a3 v3 x* \相律, B# x6 N# f4 e7 m( m
Phase Rule
* F [3 s: j, N0 A7 b R自由度
& C: b( J( U. Q3 ]; }- v# h- PDegree of freedom
; ?- f! j# P9 y. r" ^臨界溫度 + Y1 z1 O. r- d! h% i0 M
Critical temperture
B9 c m5 G0 l' `共晶; G$ `) X+ t" c& T+ ]1 x Q* Q
Eutectic ' i @; @6 z6 l% X9 Q. h3 U
包晶溫度 Peritectic Temperature- l+ y; S5 Y9 [/ \+ S
包晶反應 Peritectic Reaction9 O; \- ?- T; E2 q3 \
包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy
6 @. _6 [" X; C( e8 q/ A亞共晶體 Hypoeutetic Alloy
8 `4 i0 O& h+ v/ a3 A/ o過共晶體 Hyper-ectectic Alloy
( ^. H- U! s# D- U' P金屬的相融、相融溫度、晶體反應及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反應的比較
7 g+ u8 ?, l0 vEquilibrium Comparision . v/ Q/ J# |% D. ~, G# R) l) f
金屬塑性 Plastic Deformation + F2 r( i, E- _! m3 ~
滑動面 Slip Plan
9 w% S$ R" F6 b4 i) J/ [& F/ v* H畸變 Distortion
4 q. F4 ?" A* U. k/ f* A1 L硬化 Work Hardening
9 \4 e# \& a5 `& q( e# n# V" w退火 Annealing
0 X& @; n$ s' P7 B回復柔軟 Crystal Recovery
, E, F$ s8 W4 x' }再結晶 Recrystallization
( |2 M; K }; n' J2 U6 R金屬材料的性能及試驗 ; i7 V$ G2 f+ d& X b/ h! [
Properties & testing of metal ) i; I5 e f$ q' `5 J; v! r$ w0 I s
化學性能
0 z/ N; Y5 }! S O9 Z4 iChemical Properties
4 L) T9 X! ^$ b Z( p物理性能
# J0 A+ w9 t, {& R& e2 wPhysical Properties
0 l7 K0 _/ a! o顏色 ! V% O b* }6 P; R) [/ g) J' Y
Colour" U' e2 i/ y# L7 t7 V! X
磁性 2 k6 m) |; v+ l; f
Magnetisum / ?( Y0 l' F- R' a* a9 }( f
比電阻
+ ?* K( g0 ?. ?% a7 x9 P3 U2 s! WSpecific resistivity & specific resistance " P0 N! L- V' g5 Y/ i
比重 ]. X+ E2 u! z
Specific gravity & specific density" |& G0 T5 k* D
比熱, \# n" x2 o) ^9 e+ x& w; h
Specific Heat1 T8 e# V) ^9 s$ a7 n' V4 V& V; y
熱膨脹系數
1 r. w4 J' F- M3 T1 Y, j8 O5 RCoefficient of thermal expansion
% h$ e+ A. ` D( i5 q, r導熱度* P% `+ R# t+ E# n$ @, `$ k2 f) B
Heat conductivity ; |3 H- m1 ~5 U9 m6 L6 a
機械性能 Mechanical properties
) S, ^* F! i7 w1 D M, F3 Z7 O屈服強度(降伏強度) (Yield strangth)
& {, {, g0 M3 s# ?9 }' S8 G% s l彈性限度、陽氏彈性系數及屈服點 ; s; T# u) c) V" d) O ]
elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point & U4 o( W7 ]4 `9 _8 s$ M1 j: a
伸長度
1 D) c2 `8 B! }Elongation + V: q3 u/ F$ @4 x( @' _
斷面縮率 o) _/ }5 |( {! T
Reduction of area
/ P+ m) [) a& ?% P. S5 q金屬材料的試驗方法
' u" L$ g: u7 I& ^4 OThe Method of Metal inspection
& Y* T8 p6 H. D/ ~: H3 `, L& i不破壞檢驗( m" P" r5 T- ?- w3 K7 Y
Non – destructive inspections6 F% Q& V3 h! s/ n
滲透探傷法 % T% ~) ^3 E# d" D' H
Penetrate inspection
4 u$ v4 F% ^! z5 I" Q' t* S' {磁粉探傷法 ( @/ q1 [+ h! ^/ H
Magnetic particle inspection8 Z# V, q* f+ X9 ^
放射線探傷法
% W: `" ] _) E7 _Radiographic inspection
7 }. G- w3 C! X3 D, ` l% S超聲波探傷法1 p9 n5 o% M0 `1 c4 F
Ultrasonic inspection 7 S4 g! H# X! q- k
顯微觀察法
. C. `& G1 w( a: l) O; s ^( R5 }Microscopic inspection
8 M! F- u- Z) o; }. \- [: a0 F: ^破壞的檢驗
, \8 |2 Z$ X! @1 a1 j: ~ J t$ ?* `Destructive Inspection
$ q4 q7 |) O7 _. |3 a沖擊測試
5 v, y0 u/ T0 g5 |+ _: J. B' ^9 P, oImpact Test2 p+ {; N, l- e# _' v I5 F
疲勞測試
+ A2 n1 ?, p! l, iFatigue Test
% R; l" [% Y, E, |& x潛變測試 Creep Test! F1 Z+ ?6 h; q& t
潛變強度
: o% z! @6 \7 VCreeps Strength
i* {: c( w2 f第壹潛變期
0 x9 P& c/ O6 CPrimary Creep
7 a8 @ F$ u9 X第二潛變期* X' ]/ d/ ]9 R: [' l* n
Secondary Creep
3 Q3 X8 ~/ B( y D$ ^第三潛變期
. ~8 W3 j4 p) p! u7 h* m+ STertiary Creep
v( p9 E8 |+ {+ N- f2 @主要金屬元素之物理性質0 I$ B, V* A& P1 } t1 M& ^/ `1 i
Physical properties of major Metal Elements
- A( S0 }, [9 v* W( z) E工業標準及規格 – 鐵及非鐵金屬
( b+ N/ v+ j3 @9 c7 NIndustrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal
) q4 s4 L5 @: w磁力 Magnetic- `! a# }: P# n/ D6 P {/ g' p
簡介 General . a4 ^- l3 q" W& t0 b6 i
軟磁 Soft Magnetic
* c: @% i) n% u) A) r硬磁 Hard Magnetic6 f4 |5 g5 }/ d, [
磁場 Magnetic Field
8 L) T. {5 i) P/ v! T磁性感應 Magnetic Induction
* n" A. l/ {# E& G透磁度 Magnetic Permeability
U. H+ A l. M5 @! F( s6 a6 F磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)
- U) b% I0 c, {- |# V3 F磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁場(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的電子(Electron)活動而產生 ' @4 z w# p- k0 D' C
抗磁體、順磁體、鐵磁體、反鐵磁體及亞鐵磁體 ; F, \7 F+ T, W, q" ^
Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism
: L. }4 s( `) j0 i: G, l- X% |; n3 @抗磁體 Diamagnetism
, Q' h; u. K- Z3 v4 z磁偶極子 Dipole7 E) {1 t8 L( F& T2 c! C
負磁力效應 Negative effect
+ }( i& n4 [9 R: n0 e# m& w順磁體 Paramagnetic
- h9 k& c, f8 L2 x) L正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility
) J4 f! l; X$ \( G8 E: A鐵磁體 Ferromagnetism
$ t9 P3 b( C- a: Z- H轉變元素 Transition element6 u/ M& l U2 Y# _) q5 o. b& {
交換能量 Positive energy exchange+ q, h: E p" X% y. g+ u
外價電子 Outer valence electrons5 u7 O/ R ^/ I) Q& e5 y* R
化學結合 Chemical bond, P/ p) N" q: n% ^0 {( J4 I F
自發上磁 Spontaneous magnetization; p! B/ Q! ~( o6 K/ N/ ~: i; s. e
磁疇 Magnetic domain
! g! b8 i8 K$ l+ R相反旋轉 Opposite span
2 M0 J" v8 {# J, H比較抗磁體、順磁體及鐵磁體
" f4 }( V: }+ k" EComparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism
7 @5 Z9 f* }: O* d0 p4 {' s反鐵磁體 Antiferromagnetism : R4 g b4 ~: e @# E3 a/ O
亞鐵磁體 Ferrimagnetism
f) ` Y9 S2 T/ O u8 o磁矩 magnetic moment; q+ |% G; J6 K- C: B6 ]
凈磁矩 Net magnetic moment
3 N5 y* f% \ ~, P, r鋼鐵的主要成份6 P- }0 j% J" F0 J! M' B
The major element of steel
. J+ ^+ t; m4 ]. W7 X) p鋼鐵用"碳"之含量來分類
9 C5 m/ X8 p( b. f/ W1 QClassification of Steel according to Carbon contents0 |4 M% m, O( Q4 E% v9 [6 s. M% L
鐵相 3 e3 v6 E2 x, j) W: h
Steel Phases' e7 G- A0 @- s2 ^' R
鋼鐵的名稱4 e }! P+ E! x. w+ [* D
Name of steel5 c ?/ I2 G: R6 T' E+ g2 T" J" D
純鐵體
1 z; R" R& L- T; C6 J( V# TFerrite
5 c7 j; N# z6 Q3 I/ x6 E5 {( U0 i滲碳體
; K) ^8 Z( B; f- ]8 Q" mCementitle6 S$ W' F! W# H, F' Z+ @
奧氏體 Austenite
( G" G! z1 Q$ |珠光體及共釋鋼 3 j- Q; s+ T/ {- V5 Y- T/ I/ r
Pearlite &Eutectoid
( j! X8 D& h2 }奧氏體碳鋼
9 E+ v" u! j3 w+ ]1 nAustenite Carbon Steel * ]$ S" l) j/ b: o( x i
單相金屬) S4 H0 I" c% y9 h. U* `1 h
Single Phase Metal 0 E, Q) ~, H1 q
共釋變態7 o) O. D; D) F5 `# I6 Y
Eutectoid Transformation
% n8 O. C- I/ {' E* Y9 s珠光體 Pearlite
! x% K. I7 Q" J$ ^' B& t% B- u亞鐵釋體 / g( {0 J$ h( G/ G9 X! M
Hyppo-Eutectoid
! E( O6 c) Z* u; o: z初釋純鐵體 Pro-entectoid ferrite
* x, S1 L& m, z# T- f過共釋鋼 Hype-eutectoid
6 f; Q& }5 `+ k( c" I* p# S珠光體
( e% b# h8 S0 I& TPearlite
( c7 D4 o- h. I8 k粗珠光體 Coarse pearlite: W1 f8 \* Y7 x6 u F @ ~8 _
中珠光體 Medium pearlite
+ d7 k5 }; N0 ]5 R1 Z! S4 X幼珠光體 Fine pearlite
9 q; h3 @8 [; z' [磁性變態點 Magnetic Transformation , b3 T! p( g% L2 a
鋼鐵的制造" m. t t e; R P# t; S8 o7 W, u
Manufacturing of Steel 9 w! }; t6 M8 I# I4 I
連續鑄造法 Continuous casting process4 J" ]; e5 k8 d" Y1 j
電爐 Electric furnace
, Q+ T" ]* g; s" \均熱爐 Soaking pit: B& J! H1 ~8 e* Z1 d
全靜鋼 Killed steel
5 i/ [: y# F5 l% q半靜鋼 Semi-killed steel% z$ n0 w) }7 }. X
沸騰鋼(未凈鋼) Rimmed steel2 g- ?* g/ y& R+ N* J' z
鋼鐵生產流程 Steel Production Flow Chart 3 j6 w: a& T; n/ ?
鋼材的熔鑄、鍛造、擠壓及延軋
5 V0 t" g( J0 l% a1 bThe Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel
: \, R& |% {" c( z; ~/ ?熔鑄 Casting
/ S! f7 P- y0 u2 l; P鍛造 Fogging
$ t" e3 a% d0 m* }3 X0 s9 m4 m擠壓 Extrusion
+ Q( h5 G5 q. O0 u/ _' s% I9 i延軋 Rolling
9 o9 p4 | T8 p7 n" s5 w沖剪 Drawing & stamping
2 f$ j% R9 a7 R8 V2 x# [特殊鋼 Special Steel# o; f: E4 g; H+ A4 ~- n
簡介2 ]* L' ]# Z2 o0 D8 `! J) R" e- U9 x
General+ P+ Z8 p3 @7 Y
特殊鋼以原素分類
9 ]4 j& D2 P6 jClassification of Special Steel according to Element " T+ s2 Q! L, J) I9 m: x8 W: u/ h
特殊鋼以用途來分類
; M. F& v* H8 T4 n$ @# nClassification of Special Steel according to End Usage - U! m5 N) S: `
易車(快削)不銹鋼 , D5 Y4 c0 b5 o6 c6 Z$ }& ^! L
Free Cutting Stainless Steel
% @' [5 t& A; B, y I# y$ o+ R含鉛易車鋼
6 j3 _0 P9 Y6 [/ x; KLeaded Free Cutting Steel 0 Q; n& B9 {& b. T
含硫易車鋼
! s5 l$ }2 k: p+ U: USulphuric Free Cutting Steel 7 Z4 ]7 I3 K" h# N; h. d" P
硬化性能, Q& k1 l% D# P! ] [% q
Hardenability 1 M# s% F2 F" W' |, G3 l5 b, C
鋼的脆性
* p; ?8 H! v% H7 H8 Y5 oBrittleness of Steel 7 {2 Z5 {# b$ |/ e. T: a
低溫脆性 Cold brittleness
- v5 D9 ?: K9 [- E: p$ T, g回火脆性 Temper brittleness
; Q9 I# F6 ~0 F日工標準下的特殊鋼材% f" v- g. }5 e q, w- Z
Specail Steel according to JIS Standard " ]7 X" p @/ l$ D
鉻鋼 – 日工標準 JIS G4104; w3 P! J! i% I/ o9 c. W9 h
Chrome steel to JIS G4104
$ n( @( M! c, d鉻鉬鋼鋼材 – 日工標準 G4105 62
& }1 z# L$ f' S2 T4 Z% T- k) D& H* ]7 n0 |Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105 4 x% I0 A4 o7 p {8 X
鎳鉻 – 日工標準 G4102 632 ~+ ?' T- p' \% n6 U
Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102
+ K l. h4 \6 R* C- M# P5 B鎳鉻鉬鋼 – 日工標準 G4103 64
6 ~% z, V5 u( \% x, ^3 fNickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103 6 P/ [( ^$ U6 t7 o! G8 \. y# e6 A
高錳鋼鑄 – 日工標準& J2 s2 p: R8 a0 z
High manganese steel to JIS standard
, Q- P$ l2 d+ ^片及板材
9 C' Q( M! t: r( S2 qChapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate7 @9 |" N; q0 i+ ~& U
冷轆低碳鋼片(雙單光片)(日工標準 JIS G3141) 73 - 95
. P4 _4 J) \" r" m- a9 RCold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)
0 ?0 i8 b; _4 h/ E$ `( J. A' ^4 y$ [簡介' T; r3 R6 d& U. S# N% h' r; G: d
General
# |8 J1 e" a G3 `, @9 t, \美材試標準的冷轆低碳鋼片8 h" a/ ^% r: H- G
Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM) 3 a& [, D6 Y+ R& @
日工標準JIS G3141冷轆低碳鋼片(雙單光片)的編號淺釋
% q9 Z% _7 r O+ w" xDecoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141 + q9 N" N6 ~2 Z9 a9 P( I! {
材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity R2 N I! M! W# v
硬度 Hardness
+ ~2 g+ u2 O5 S# W. a表面處理 Surface finish
$ `5 Z P) H9 f2 J冷轆鋼捆片及張片制作流程圖表
1 b, q2 f! b6 y7 ?. h UProduction flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet ' }$ L# B' D7 A! U2 k
冷轆鋼捆片及張片的電鍍和印刷方法
( q, E+ y3 J; ?% b0 B! `Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method ; A/ m% _% o# \& Y B1 f- L5 O
冷轆(低碳)鋼片的分類用、途、工業標準、品質、加熱狀態及硬度表; v8 H) R. p- W' d+ x
End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip 2 R: ?5 n# \4 e! m& @
硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test9 I9 G$ R& v1 K/ U3 K
拉伸測試(順紋測試)
B% Z D6 K& X. EElongation test
' V8 h: }" z5 I+ N; Y5 X杯突測試(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，準確至0.1公厘 3個試片平均數)" d7 k5 z! e# m! k" O6 I
Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)
8 @5 o% J# f4 ], l: p曲面(假曲率) |
發表于 2008-2-21 13:22:32
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