美國國家工程院呼吁：加強對生產創新，生產力和勞動力培訓

寂靜天花板

原文發表在engineering.com網站

Globalization, technological advances, and changing business practices are dramatically transforming employment and operations across the board in manufacturing.US companies, government and educators should partner to strengthen workforce training and improve innovation and productivity, says a new report from the National Academy of Engineering.
開篇點明，全球化及技術進步對于企業生產的影響。

Manufacturing can no longer be considered separate from the value chain, the system of research and development, product design, software development and integration, and lifecycle service activities performed to deliver a product or service to market.Businesses focusing on the entire system help make value for their customers and are less likely to be disrupted by new technologies or increased competition from emerging economies around the world.
制造業已成為市場生命周期活動的一部分了。

While technological advances offer companies new ways to understand customers' needs and in turn increase demand for their products, automation and streamlined operations are likely to supplant an increasing number of workers in a variety of occupations, the report says.By some estimates, almost 50 percent of US jobs are at risk for disruption.For example, due to advances in automation and computer-aided design, engineering, and production, an automobile manufacturing plant can now be run by one-third as many people as in 1965, while the quality, sophistication, and timely delivery of vehicles have dramatically improved.
計算機輔助設計和自動化生產線的普及，越來越多的產業工人被下崗，現在的美國汽車制造廠可以使用僅相當于1965年工廠人數的三分之一保持正常運營，但產品質量和精度及交貨周期都大大縮短。

With reduced demand for production workers, total US manufacturing employment dropped from approximately 19 million in 1980 to 11.5 million in 2010, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.Manufacturing job losses were concentrated in the portion of the workforce without a high school diploma.
沒文化就裁你

“Advancing skills and creating skilled jobs are the best bet to aid the workforce that has been left behind by changes in manufacturing and the broader economy,” said Nicholas Donofrio, former executive vice president of innovation and technology of IBM, and chair of the committee that conducted the study.“Access to higher education and training, including certification programs and flexible pathways to degrees, is especially important for lower-skilled workers, who are most affected by the changes.”
接受高等教育和培訓是拯救低技能工人的不二途徑。

In the face of forces changing the manufacturing industry, companies need to find new ways to make value.For instance, when the rise of digital photography changed the value of film, Fujifilm harnessed its expertise working with the antioxidant chemicals used in photography to develop antioxidants for cosmetics and optical films for use with flat-panel screens.Although Fujifilm for decades created film and the materials to develop it, film now accounts for only a tiny percentage of its sales.

富士膠卷成功轉型

Businesses, economic development organizations, educational institutions, research organizations, as well as federal, state, and local governments all have important roles to play to ensure that US manufacturing strengthens its capacity for innovation.The committee made several recommendations as a blueprint for these actions, including:
轉型是大家的責任，同時有如下建議：

1Businesses should establish training programs to prepare workers for modernized operations and invest in advancing the education of their low- and middle-skilled workforce.

2Businesses, local school districts, workforce organizations, community colleges, and universities should form partnerships to help students graduate from high school, earn an associate’s or bachelor’s degree, and take part in continuing education and training programs in the workplace.

3Congress and state legislatures should create tax credits or other incentives for businesses to invest and be involved in education programs that provide students and displaced workers with the knowledge and skills needed for higher-paying careers.

4Metro area and state governments, industry, higher education, investors, and economic development organizations should partner to create local innovation networks to foster the creation of new businesses and to connect entrepreneurs and new businesses to the individuals, investors, tools, and institutions in their region and around the world that they need to grow.

5Federal agencies should facilitate industry and government cooperation to identify shared opportunities to invest in pre-competitive research in forward-thinking and costly fields such as next-generation batteries and biotechnologies, for which capital is scarce.

6Businesses should implement programs to attract and retain diverse workers with respect to gender, race, and socio-economic background.
真的是全民動員，我朝一樣都借鑒不了

“We hope that this report will serve to inspire an understanding of the making value problem the nation faces and consequently stimulate action by government, industry, and education to deal with its consequences,” said NAE President C.D. (Dan) Mote Jr.  “By doing so, our economy will create high-quality, high-paying jobs for a prepared workforce and opportunities for the U.S. to prosper in the 21st century.”
我朝的繁榮依靠房地產

NAE was joined in sponsorship of this study by Gordon E. Moore, Robert A. Pritzker and the Robert Pritzker Family Foundation, Jonathan J. Rubinstein, Edward Horton, and by a number of US companies — Boeing, Cummins, IBM, Qualcomm, Rockwell Collins, and Xerox.
美國私人基金會和企業關注美國國家發展大計。

The mission of the National Academy of Engineering is to advance the well-being of the nation by promoting a vibrant engineering profession and by marshalling the expertise and insights of eminent engineers to provide independent advice to the federal government on matters involving engineering and technology.
美國國家工程院的使命，哦，對了，這個機構是私人的，非盈利性機構。

pengzhiping

人家就有那么超前的意識、所以他們一直走在前面。我們革命尚未成功。

桂花暗香

呵呵，在老板眼里創新就是行業的鋪路石，不愿倒在沙灘上。這和保護機制有關，也和短期心理有關。再說培訓，那些也有，就是為錢而錢，騙政府補助，也和短期行為有關。
年輕人問，什么最賺錢？ 答：玩火箭什么的最妝前。那玩意不會。    反過來問：你會什么？ 什么也不會。
一句話為錢而錢，最終啥也不是。

譚cc

要有正確的危機感

m_e

別人只有種族優越感，實事方面老覺得自己發展不如中國，提出來覺得自己人不如他人這種論調也沒人罵，反而覺得是個機會，因為改進了賺的錢、聲譽是別人承認的，不會被自己人偷走，只會被超越。

andyany

山寨橫行，產品利潤低，擠壓上游空間，導致零部件制造和材料需求萎縮，水平和質量下降。同時，這種下降拉低設計支撐，設計也下降，形成惡性循環。

一重科技

這就是老美沒為什么強大了一個世紀的原因啊！！

dashizuijimo

很有先見之明啊

dashizuijimo

應該學習啊